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Users

We estimate the number of users by analyzing the requests induced by clients to relays and bridges.

  • Relay users
  • Bridge users by country
  • Bridge users by transport
  • Bridge users by country and transport
  • Bridge users by IP version
  • BridgeDB requests by requested transport
  • BridgeDB requests by distributor
  • Top-10 countries by relay users
  • Top-10 countries by possible censorship events
  • Top-10 countries by bridge users
  • “The anonymous Internet”
Relay users graph

This graph shows the estimated number of directly-connecting clients; that is, it excludes clients connecting via bridges. These estimates are derived from the number of directory requests counted on directory authorities and mirrors. Relays resolve client IP addresses to country codes, so that graphs are available for most countries. Furthermore, it is possible to display indications of censorship events as obtained from an anomaly-based censorship-detection system (for more details, see this technical report). For further details check the documentation on Reproducible Metrics.

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Download data as CSV.

Learn more about the CSV data format or how to reproduce the graph data.

Related events

The following events have been manually collected in the metrics-timeline Git repository and might be related to the displayed graph.

Dates Places/Protocols Description and Links
2020-12-17 to 2020-12-20 snowflake DDoS attack on Greenhost, where the Snowflake broker and bridge and onionperf instances are hosted.
2020-12-17 status 2020-12-20 status anti-censorship-team thread
2020-12-05 to 2020-12-09 meek moat An update to an Azure CDN edge server TLS certificate causes an outage of meek and Moat. It is fixed by the release of Tor Browser 10.0.6, which updates the built-in public key pinning of obfs4proxy.
ticket blog post meek graph BridgeDB graph certificate transparency
2020-11-17 snowflake Release of Snowflake WebExtension 0.5.2, with a fix to the NAT type self-test.
archive merge request comment
2020-11-08 to 2020-11-09 snowflake Outage of the snowflake bridge
ticket
2020-10-29 snowflake Release of Snowflake WebExtension 0.5.0, with a NAT type self-test.
archive issue
2020-10-05 snowflake Deployed version 0.4.2 of the Snowflake WebExtension, with better counting of clients.
archive comment
2020-09-27 to 2020-11-10 Azerbaijan Blocking of social media and instant messaging in Azerbaijan during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war
OONI/AIW report IPHR/AIW report relay graph bridge graph
2020-08-31 obfs4 Shutdown of default obfs4 bridge frosty.
ticket
2020-08-24 snowflake The Snowflake broker begins reporting counts of proxy NAT types.
issue
2020-08-19 snowflake Release of Tor Browser 10.0a5, which added the ability to do NAT behavior discovery to the Snowflake client.
blog post issue
2020-08-13 snowflake Deployed version 0.4.1 of the Snowflake WebExtension, with NAT type detection in the browser.
archive comment
2020-07-06 snowflake Deployed NAT-aware matching at the Snowflake broker.
comment
2020-06-25 snowflake Unknown One- or two-day spike in estimated Snowflake users. It resembles the spike that occurred around the time of the Turbo Tunnel release of Tor Browser 9.5a13 on 2020-05-22.
users graph
2020-06-02 snowflake Release of Tor Browser 10.0a1, the first release with Snowflake for Android.
blog post ticket
2020-05-22 snowflake Release of Tor Browser 9.5a13, the first release with Turbo Tunnel session persistence features for Snowflake. There is a spike in estimated users on 2020-05-21 and 2020-05-22, which appears to be an artifact.
blog post ticket users graph
2020-04-23 snowflake Redeployed the Snowflake bridge with support for non–Turbo Tunnel clients and KCP–Turbo Tunnel clients, removing support for QUIC–Turbo Tunnel clients.
comment
2020-02-22 snowflake Made the Snowflake bridge stop reporting client IP addresses of 0.0.0.0. This also affects log messages that report how many client connections had an attached IP address.
comment
2020-02-19 snowflake Deployed a Turbo Tunnel–capable Snowflake bridge.
comment
2020-02-18 snowflake Outage of the Snowflake bridge caused by memory exhaustion.
ticket
2020-01-09 to 2020-06-08 webstats Unknown Tor Browser update pings drop temporarily. A similar effect is present in other years.
graph issue metrics-team thread
2018-09-26 to present fte Outage of default FTE bridge 128.105.214.162:8080.
comment
2018-09-26 to present fte Outage of default FTE bridge 128.105.214.163:8080.
comment
2018-01-05 to present Outage of the op-hk OnionPerf instance.
op-hk graph
2017-12-04 to present DDoS attack creates load on the network.
tor-relays thread relay graph summary post ticket
2017-02-10 to present OR exit Measurement error from bandwidth authority causes decrease in measured bandwidth in Europe.
mailing list post

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This material is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CNS-0959138. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. "Tor" and the "Onion Logo" are registered trademarks of The Tor Project, Inc.. Data on this site is freely available under a CC0 no copyright declaration: To the extent possible under law, the Tor Project has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights in the data. Graphs are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License.