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Tor Metrics
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Users

We estimate the number of users by analyzing the requests induced by clients to relays and bridges.

  • Relay users
  • Bridge users by country
  • Bridge users by transport
  • Bridge users by country and transport
  • Bridge users by IP version
  • BridgeDB requests by requested transport
  • BridgeDB requests by distributor
  • Top-10 countries by relay users
  • Top-10 countries by possible censorship events
  • Top-10 countries by bridge users
  • “The anonymous Internet”
Bridge users by transport graph

This graph shows the estimated number of clients connecting via bridges. These numbers are derived from directory requests counted on bridges. Bridges distinguish connecting clients by transport protocol, which may include pluggable transports, so that graphs are available for different transports. For further details check the documentation on Reproducible Metrics.

Source:

Download graph as PNG or PDF.

Download data as CSV.

Learn more about the CSV data format or how to reproduce the graph data.

Related events

The following events have been manually collected in the metrics-timeline Git repository and might be related to the displayed graph.

Dates Places/Protocols Description and Links
2020-07-06 snowflake Deployed NAT-aware matching at the Snowflake broker.
comment
2020-06-30 to 2020-07-23 Ethiopia Internet shutdown in Ethiopia. Restrictions were partially lifted 2020-07-15.
article article IODA relay users graph
2020-06-02 snowflake Release of Tor Browser 10.0a1, the first release with Snowflake for Android.
blog post ticket
2020-05-22 snowflake Release of Tor Browser 9.5a13, the first release with Turbo Tunnel session persistence features for Snowflake.
blog post ticket
2020-04-23 snowflake Redeployed the Snowflake bridge with support for non–Turbo Tunnel clients and KCP–Turbo Tunnel clients, removing support for QUIC–Turbo Tunnel clients.
comment
2020-02-22 snowflake Made the Snowflake bridge stop reporting client IP addresses of 0.0.0.0. This also affects log messages that report how many client connections had an attached IP address.
comment
2020-02-19 snowflake Deployed a Turbo Tunnel–capable Snowflake bridge.
comment
2020-02-18 snowflake Outage of the Snowflake bridge caused by memory exhaustion.
ticket
2019-12-06 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "December 3 2019 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest 4974C4F1F6842975999D0774F2636F383312EA2D, geoip6-db-digest 2046D67D7BBE67AFF12E1CEDD9F9083AB5E3DFAC).
commit
2019-11-16 to 2019-11-23 Iran Internet blackout in Iran.
report NTC thread
2019-11-14 ipv6 snowflake Changed DNS to point to the IPv6-enabled Snowflake broker.
comment
2019-11-14 snowflake Deployed webext-0.1.0 of the Snowflake proxy (which uses a new proxy–broker protocol) to snowflake.torproject.org.
comment
2019-11-13 snowflake Released version 0.1.0 of the Snowflake extension for Firefox and Chrome, using a new proxy–broker protocol.
comment
2019-11-13 snowflake Restarted the broker with a new proxy–broker protocol.
comment
2019-11-09 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "November 6 2019 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest 967E4D14ADF0C9439C31FB7B666537A0551C1E6A, geoip6-db-digest BD6E89A28801FA447693EDEC6D47ECCA03B8CD20).
commit
2019-10-28 snowflake Version 0.0.13 of the Snowflake extension is released, decreasing the poll frequency to once every 300 s. The standalone proxy-go instances still poll once every 5 s.
comment
2019-10-17 snowflake Pointed snowflake-broker.torproject.net (one of three domain names for the Snowflake broker) to a new broker instance set up with IPv6. Metrics unintentionally start being collected from the new instance, instead of the old instance that was still in use.
ticket ticket
2019-10-03 China obfs4 The new default bridge 193.11.166.194 is already blocked by the GFW – two days after the Tor Browser alpha release that shipped with it. The block may have happened sooner, though. We only tested the bridge just now.
ticket
2019-10-02 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "October 1 2019 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest 34ABC09019FAB09BA3083B3663EC0B807FC16151, geoip6-db-digest F4D3BEC6294DF7FAEAEE5966CC6706CF91CE9BC4).
commit
2019-10-01 snowflake Release of Tor Browser 9.0a7, the first release that has Snowflake for Windows.
blog post ticket
2019-08-06 to 2019-08-09 Experiment to test the accuracy of relays' advertised bandwidth estimation.
description of experiment post announcing start post announcing end advertised bandwidth graph relay flags graph
2019-07-27 snowflake The Snowflake proxy hosted at snowflake.torproject.org is updated, changing domains from bamsoftware.com to freehaven.net in order to work around the Google Safe Browsing block.
comment
2019-07-27 snowflake Version 0.0.7 of the Snowflake extension for Chrome is released, changing domains from bamsoftware.com to freehaven.net in order to work around the Google Safe Browsing block.
comment
2019-07-26 flashproxy snowflake Cupcake 2.0 is released, now working with Snowflake rather than flash proxy.
Chrome Web Store page
2019-07-26 snowflake Version 0.0.8 of the Snowflake extension for Firefox is released, changing domains from bamsoftware.com to freehaven.net in order to work around the Google Safe Browsing block.
comment
2019-07-23 snowflake The broker domain name snowflake-broker.bamsoftware.com is blocked by Google Safe Browsing, preventing the Snowflake web browser extension from working.
ticket comment noting decrease in proxies
2019-07-18 to 2019-08-07 Kazakhstan The Kazakh ISP KazTelecom does man-in-the-middle of TLS connections.
Censored Planet report post about end
2019-07-03 snowflake The Snowflake web browser extension for Chrome is published.
comment
2019-07-02 to 2019-08-26 Iran <OR> Bridges Relays Relays in Iran are reported to be unblocked once again, and user numbers recover to about 25% of the maximum they had reached during the previous period of unblocking. They then drop precipitously, and bridge users increase.
ticket comment comment
2019-06-26 snowflake The Snowflake web browser extension for Firefox is published.
comment
2019-06-21 to present Myanmar Internet shutdown in parts of Myanmar.
report 2020 report
2019-06-20 obfs4 A call to set up new obfs4 bridges is posted to the tor-relays mailing list.
mailing list thread thread continues
2019-06-11 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "June 10 2019 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest A131E1F283F4AD307248B03A70B0413E81ADF2A4, geoip6-db-digest 0EFF3EE1E22927EC9A77BFFAFD703F3A5B32FA79).
commit
2019-05-28 Failure of network equipment at site of op-ab OnionPerf instance (equipment now replaced)
onionperf timeouts graph
2019-05-22 fte Release of Tor Browser 9.0a1, removes support for FTE.
blog post ticket
2019-05-17 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "May 13 2019 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest 35DFDA2D06D2A0467EF37D60A67B438B11952B74, geoip6-db-digest C0193A1D086819353FABBF70AADB15866B7B2525).
commit
2019-05-16 to 2019-06-23 Iran Relays Tor becomes directly accessible in Iran, leading to an explosion in relay users up to about 1.5 million, before being blocked again.
ticket comment about end tor-talk thread Reddit thread comment Reddit thread
2019-05-01 China snowflake China blocks the default Snowflake proxies.
ticket
2019-04-29 Network equipment failure at site of op-ab OnionPerf instance
performance graph
2019-04-28 to 2019-04-29 Benin Social media blocking and Internet blackout during parliamentary elections in Benin.
OONI report
2019-04-27 to present Russia Relays Unknown Relay users increase by about 100K, in an apparent weekly cycle. Bridge users are not similarly affected.
relay graph bridge graph tor-talk thread Reddit thread
2019-04-23 to present Sri Lanka Sri Lanka blocks Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, YouTube after bombings.
relay graph bridge graph article
2018-07-20 to 2019-05-02 onion Unknown The number of v2 onion services increases from 70k to 100k.
comment
2015-12-31 to 2020-06-04 Mexico The Telmex ISP in Mexico blocks seven directory authorities.
mailing list post article

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This material is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CNS-0959138. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. "Tor" and the "Onion Logo" are registered trademarks of The Tor Project, Inc.. Data on this site is freely available under a CC0 no copyright declaration: To the extent possible under law, the Tor Project has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights in the data. Graphs are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License.