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Tor Metrics
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Users

We estimate the number of users by analyzing the requests induced by clients to relays and bridges.

  • Relay users
  • Bridge users by country
  • Bridge users by transport
  • Bridge users by country and transport
  • Bridge users by IP version
  • BridgeDB requests by requested transport
  • BridgeDB requests by distributor
  • Top-10 countries by relay users
  • Top-10 countries by possible censorship events
  • Top-10 countries by bridge users
  • “The anonymous Internet”
Bridge users by country and transport graph

This graph shows the estimated number of clients connecting via bridges. These numbers are derived from directory requests counted on bridges. Bridges resolve client IP addresses of incoming directory requests to country codes, and they distinguish connecting clients by transport protocol, which may include pluggable transports. Even though bridges don't report a combination of clients by country and transport, it's possible to derive and graph lower and upper bounds from existing usage statistics. For further details check the documentation on Reproducible Metrics.

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Download data as CSV.

Learn more about the CSV data format or how to reproduce the graph data.

Related events

The following events have been manually collected in the metrics-timeline Git repository and might be related to the displayed graph.

Dates Places/Protocols Description and Links
2017-06-12 obfs4 Increased the file descriptor limit on default obfs4 bridges ndnop3 and ndnop5 from 4096 to 32768. They had been failing bootstrap attempts from a test location in the U.S. about 40% of the time.
graph showing failed connections
2017-06-09 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "June 8 2017 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest AFD609025B66305AD9FA8E0B15AF4F2BC82271F1, geoip6-db-digest A69FD14ACE46EE695F589ACE0EB7B915285B51B4).
commit
2017-06-07 ipv6 obfs4 Tor Browser 7.0 released. Adds an IPv6 address for default obfs4 bridge Lisbeth. Adds new default obfs4 bridges frosty and dragon.
blog post IPv6 ticket frosty and dragon ticket
2017-05-25 obfs4 Set AssumeReachable 1 on the default obfs4 bridges cymrubridge31 and cymrubridge33 in an attempt to make them publish statistics.
mailing list post
2017-05-23 to 2017-06-13 obfs4 Default obfs4 bridge LeifEricson rejects connections due to a broken firewall forwarding rule. This didn't affect the bridges "real" obfs4 port, but it did affect the port at that time configured in Tor Browser.
2017-05-08 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "May 2 2017 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest B2E5105287668771E34A66F90B34982D419727EF, geoip6-db-digest 8DA8AC3C8158CBFDF7DB53BBF73338246872371A).
commit
2017-05-06 snowflake Set AssumeReachable 1 on the Snowflake bridge 2B280B23E1107BB62ABFC40DDCC8824814F80A72 in an attempt to make it start publishing statistics.
mailing list post
2017-04-30 meek The meek-amazon bridge upgrades to meek-server 0.27.
2017-04-20 meek obfs4 scramblesuit Tor Browser 7.0a3 is released. It changes the app.update.url. It removes the last remaining scramblesuit bridge. It changes the meek-amazon backend. It adds the new default obfs4 bridges cymrubridge31:80 and cymrubridge33:80.
blog post
2017-04-19 meek obfs4 Tor Browser 6.5.2 is released. It changes the app.update.url. It changes the meek-amazon backend. It adds the new default obfs4 bridges cymrubridge31:80 and cymrubridge33:80.
blog post comment about app.update.url
2017-04-14 to 2017-08-20 <OR> Directory authority maatuska's bwscanner stops operating, leading to a drop in traffic on some relays.
tor-consensus-health post about start tor-consensus-health post about end tor-dev thread analysis
2017-04-06 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "April 4 2017 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest 0F3D4A456E5078CC9E49398ADCB04C40EA49B793, geoip6-db-digest 04F41F05FA167EF6EEE3FE953404AB0BCCD33008).
commit
2017-03-22 meek Orbot 15.4.0 beta-2 multi is released, containing the new meek-azure CDN configuration.
mailing list post commit
2017-03-08 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "March 7 2017 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest 63921843E3AAA632088D189D877F836A373CD40D, geoip6-db-digest 2B93B9C6679BB09E1746F212A6DCDC6E710F5F52).
commit
2017-03-07 meek scramblesuit Tor Browser 6.5.1 is released, containing the new meek-azure CDN configuration, and removing the last remaining scramblesuit bridge.
blog post meek ticket scramblesuit ticket
2017-03-03 meek Stopped the (unused) meek-azure CDN endpoint meek-reflect.azureedge.net.
mailing list post
2017-03-03 meek Stopped the meek-azure CDN endpoint az786092.vo.msecnd.net.
mailing list post
2017-03-03 meek Stopped the meek-azure CDN endpoint az668014.vo.msecnd.net.
mailing list post
2017-02-12 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "February 8 2017 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest C0C6099CE335916862978F77756C0B42521A74B2, geoip6-db-digest A54B14B9D47584E010F763D3EAE23C4726F4A8D5).
commit
2017-02-10 to present <OR> exit Measurement error from bandwidth authority causes decrease in measured bandwidth in Europe.
mailing list post
2017-01-25 to 2017-04-05 webstats Tor Browser update pings roughly halve. The beginning corresponds with the release of Tor Browser 6.5.2, which changed the app.update.url. The end doesn't correspond to any release.
ticket
2017-01-24 Tor Browser 6.5 is released. It changes the app.update.url, which causes an apparent drop in update pings.
blog post graph ticket comment about app.update.url
2017-01-24 snowflake Tor Browser 7.0a1 released, including Snowflake for GNU/Linux only.
blog post
2017-01-22 meek 1.0-beta release of GAEuploader, a tool that automates the setting up of meek.
mailing list post
2017-01-09 meek Decreased the rate limit on the meek-azure bridge to 2.0 MB/s, from 3.0 MB/s.
2017-01-04 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "January 4 2017 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest 672C29A4FA9BF81DE97CFE128741445E2BDE8097, geoip6-db-digest 81F380639A8E1000539204949A363FD3BFAFBA74).
commit
2016-12-21 to 2016-12-28 <OR> Relays Unknown Drop in relay users.
metrics-team thread thread continues
2016-12-13 obfs4 Tor Browser 6.5a6 is released. It fixes the app.update.url. It adds (uncomments) the default obfs4 bridge NX01:443. It activates timing obfuscation for certain obfs4 bridges. It changes the port of other obfs4 bridges.
blog post
2016-12-09 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "December 7 2016 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest 1317BB3525E85E01FB34A89E04CE549AC23D07BD, geoip6-db-digest 865048C69BEC02B37268BFBAD66D9729B21CFCF5).
commit
2016-11-22 meek Decreased the rate limit on the meek-amazon bridge to 2.0 MB/s, from 3.0 MB/s.
2016-11-18 obfs4 Default obfs4 bridge Lisbeth turns on timing obfuscation (iat-mode=1).
ticket
2016-11-16 Tor Browser 6.5a4 is released. It changes the app.update.url.
blog post ticket
2016-11-15 meek Tor Browser 6.0.6 is released, unbreaking meek on macOS 10.12 (Sierra). (See 2016-09-20 breaking event.)
blog post ticket
2016-11-15 obfs4 Default obfs4 bridges ndnop3 and ndnop5 turn on timing obfuscation (iat-mode).
mailing list post ticket
2016-11-07 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "November 3 2016 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest 363C038D0BE61D6E0A63C43DE8EA70771ED7BEA5, geoip6-db-digest 6110A2B794AFF0180FD096A4759434CABD289C40).
commit
2016-10-30 meek Increased the rate limit on the meek-amazon bridge to 3.0 MB/s, from 1.0 MB/s.
2016-10-28 meek Decreased the rate limit on the meek-amazon bridge to 1.0 MB/s, from 3.0 MB/s.
2016-10-19 to 2016-11-10 meek Large decrease in meek users, perhaps caused by problems in Orbot 15.0.2 BETA 1 that were fixed in Orbot 15.2.0 RC8.
ticket initial email followup email Orbot mail
2016-10-05 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "October 4 2016 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest C14DF5AE94101562DEACDD296278B0EFA3EA26E5, geoip6-db-digest A88A828020A558D37F97CF683D4521270F0511A2).
commit
2016-09-28 meek Rate limit on the meek-amazon bridge returns to 3.0 MB/s, having been set to about 1.0 MB/s for some time, cause uncertain.
2016-09-24 obfs3 Default obfs3 bridge LeifEricson upgrades and begins reporting statistics to the new bridge authority Bifroest. This is the last obfs3 bridge that hadn't upgraded.
2016-09-24 obfs4 Default obfs4 bridge LeifEricson upgrades and begins reporting statistics to the new bridge authority Bifroest. This is the last obfs4 bridge that hadn't upgraded.
2016-09-23 to 2016-11-28 obfs3 Outage of default obfs3 bridges "Unnamed" and "Unnamed" (fingerprint AF9F66B7B04F8FF6F32D455F05135250A16543C9). (Start date not known for sure, though it must have been after 2016-09-23; discussed in non-archived tor-team email.)
2016-09-23 obfs3 Default obfs3 bridges ndnop0 and ndnop2 upgrade and begin reporting statistics to the new bridge authority Bifroest.
post on bridges not reporting statistics
2016-09-23 obfs3 Default obfs3 bridges "Unnamed" and "Unnamed" (fingerprint AF9F66B7B04F8FF6F32D455F05135250A16543C9) upgrade and begin reporting statistics to the new bridge authority Bifroest.
2016-09-23 obfs4 Default obfs3 bridges ndnop3 and ndnop5 upgrade and begin reporting statistics to the new bridge authority Bifroest.
post on bridges not reporting statistics
2016-09-20 meek macOS 10.12 (Sierra) is released, breaking some programs that are built with Go <1.7, including the meek-client that comes with Tor Browser. (See 2016-11-15 unbreaking event.)
ticket
2016-09-07 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "September 6 2016 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest 72F8AD2CD7C97D173AD53276366EAD32B13E0A50, geoip6-db-digest B6427DEAD2291FBF8311A2233AF4960BF4009713).
commit
2016-09-02 Bridges The former bridge authority Tonga shuts down. Bridges that have not updated to tor 0.2.8.7 or 0.2.9.2-alpha (which include all 5 default obfs3 bridges and 3/16 default obfs4 bridges) stop reporting statistics.
shutdown notice blog post loss of reporting bridges
2016-08-31 Bridges CollecTor begins publishing bridge stats from the new bridge authority Bifroest.
post
2016-08-24 Bridges tor 0.2.8.7 and 0.2.9.2-alpha are released, changing the bridge authority from Tonga to Bifroest.
0.2.8.7 announcement
2016-08-18 meek Changed the meek-amazon CDN price class from "All" to "Use Only US, Canada and Europe."
2016-08-12 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "August 2 2016 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest 9DD185BEC4F482DDD20A0221B3DD3F40175F0123, geoip6-db-digest B1C1B6BDC9627E3D87530A2C70578AC69C20C5C6).
commit
2016-07-18 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "July 6 2016 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest 19FC902B6A860BA7E4BADCB5404482995F7E0763, geoip6-db-digest 7E717154718F2065240B90F8132F305AF78C9A9D).
commit
2016-06-12 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "June 7 2016 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest DA31976A9C7D48C2C16EA70BCE9006772A0F4A34, geoip6-db-digest FF1DD08CA9EB6528E1A6389E7154BD9586F24370).
commit
2016-06-01 Kazakhstan <OR> obfs4 Kazakhstan blocks vanilla Tor TLS. Users mostly switch to obfs4.
ticket
2016-05-30 fte Tor Browser 6.0 released, which lacks the fte pluggable transport on Mac.
6.0 blog post ticket
2016-05-13 meek meek-google's App Engine instance is suspended and meek-google stops working.
mailing list post
2016-05-09 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "May 4 2016 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest 76631C314A048A59A1D801515CC7FD55CE719499, geoip6-db-digest C9392F0337A7509F1187890925CF7006F884ECBA).
commit
2016-04-28 fte Tor Browser 6.0a5 and 6.0a5-hardened released, which lacks the fte pluggable transport on Mac.
6.0a5 blog post 6.0a5-hardened blog post ticket
2016-04-07 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "April 5 2016 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest F9DFB82B6F1A480F07F4B87992CBFB7A48CB8DA2, geoip6-db-digest 769B499E6AE9FE0C2366141B931A3DB1B5489114).
commit
2016-03-27 to 2016-03-31 meek Temporarily ran an experimental branch for IPv6 counting on the meek-azure bridge.
task-18460-2 branch
2016-03-27 meek Outage of meek-azure bridge, caused by an expired TLS certificate.
2016-03-04 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "March 3 2016 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest A34F49E5A871FA4D243C46C04B67BB3CAAFE6F74, geoip6-db-digest 9C8C4F7C7612849C88206726FCDA8CB85B8D27F3).
commit
2016-02-04 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "February 2 2016 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest 9E16EDBB826B958A7B8B84674EA98B78C13F1177, geoip6-db-digest DF9538534517275080F8335DDEE4B879A3314ED4).
commit
2016-01-16 meek Increased rate limit of the meek-amazon bridge to 3 MB/s, from 1.1 MB/s.
2016-01-15 meek Increased rate limit of the meek-google bridge to 3 MB/s, from 1.1 MB/s.
2016-01-14 meek Increased rate limit of the meek-azure bridge to 3 MB/s, from 0.8 MB/s.
2016-01-11 meek Enabled client IP statistics on the meek-amazon bridge.
comment
2016-01-07 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "January 5 2016 Maxmind GeoLite2 Country" (geoip-db-digest 44FC92E4D3F8C9A3A49EE9A594790C52E684298A, geoip6-db-digest BB261912C96611967FE5C1AE2700C965DBB8D61C).
commit

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