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Tor Metrics
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Users

We estimate the number of users by analyzing the requests induced by clients to relays and bridges.

  • Relay users
  • Bridge users by country
  • Bridge users by transport
  • Bridge users by country and transport
  • Bridge users by IP version
  • BridgeDB requests by requested transport
  • BridgeDB requests by distributor
  • Top-10 countries by relay users
  • Top-10 countries by possible censorship events
  • Top-10 countries by bridge users
  • “The anonymous Internet”
Bridge users by country and transport graph

This graph shows the estimated number of clients connecting via bridges. These numbers are derived from directory requests counted on bridges. Bridges resolve client IP addresses of incoming directory requests to country codes, and they distinguish connecting clients by transport protocol, which may include pluggable transports. Even though bridges don't report a combination of clients by country and transport, it's possible to derive and graph lower and upper bounds from existing usage statistics. For further details check the documentation on Reproducible Metrics.

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Download data as CSV.

Learn more about the CSV data format or how to reproduce the graph data.

Related events

The following events have been manually collected in the metrics-timeline Git repository and might be related to the displayed graph.

Dates Places/Protocols Description and Links
2022-09-30 to 2022-10-01 snowflake Experiment with bypassing extor-static-cookie on the snowflake-01 bridge. Transport- and country-specific metrics were not collected on the bridge during this time.
issue
2022-09-30 snowflake Restart of snowflake-server on the snowflake-01 bridge with a mitigation for ephemeral port exhaustion.
comment
2022-09-30 snowflake Restart of snowflake-server on the snowflake-01 bridge to restore a dual-stack configuration.
comment
2022-09-30 snowflake Temporary outage of the snowflake-01 bridge caused by adjusting network interfaces.
comment
2022-09-29 snowflake Reboot of snowflake-01 bridge and restarts of the snowflake-server process for maintenance.
comment
2022-09-29 to 2022-10-31 When Tor Metrics introduced a new method of counting clients (to work with multi-instance relays like the Snowflake bridge), it required reprocessing stats in the overlapping months.
issue
2022-09-29 snowflake Redeployed snowflake-server on the snowflake-01 bridge, in an attempt to reduce memory allocation.
comment commit
2022-09-28 snowflake Testing an alternative WebSocket package on the snowflake-01 bridge.
comment
2022-09-27 Tor Metrics gains the ability to process descriptors from multi-instance relays (like the Snowflake bridge).
merge request issue
2022-09-27 snowflake Redeployed snowflake-server on the snowflake-01 bridge, reducing the per-client packet send queue size from 2048 to 512.
comment
2022-09-26 snowflake RAM upgrade on snowflake-01 bridge.
issue
2022-09-26 ir obfs4 snowflake Made Snowflake the preferred transport in Connection Assist for Iran (was obfs4).
merge request
2022-09-24 snowflake Increased the number of tor instances on the snowflake-01 bridge from 8 to 12.
comment mailing list post
2022-09-24 snowflake Redeployed snowflake-server on the snowflake-01 bridge, with further memory use optimizations.
comment
2022-09-23 snowflake Redeployed snowflake-server on the snowflake-01 bridge, reducing the keepalive timeout from 10 minutes to 4 minutes.
comment
2022-09-23 snowflake Redeployed snowflake-server on the snowflake-01 bridge, disabling profiling and raising the keepalive timeout from 2 minutes to 10 minutes.
comment
2022-09-23 snowflake Deployed memory use optimizations and enabled profiling on the snowflake-01 bridge. Reduced the keepalive timeout from 10 minutes to 2 minutes. Increased the size of the clientID-to-IP map from 10240 to 98304.
comment
2022-09-22 snowflake Increased the number of tor instances on the snowflake-01 bridge from 4 to 8.
mailing list post comment
2022-08-12 Release of tor 0.4.5.14, 0.4.6.12 and 0.4.7.10, with a fix to the geoip database.
announcement
2022-08-12 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "IPFire Project Tue, 09 Aug 2022 06:11:25 GMT" (geoip-db-digest 0AE7077313A53103C2B32100D74AAFC04216289D, geoip6-db-digest DCBF1789BF1EEB03276B830CB2AB92BCF779D97F).
commit
2022-08-11 Release of tor 0.4.5.13, 0.4.6.11 and 0.4.7.9, with congestion control changes aimed at mitigating the DDoS attack that started 2022-06-06.
announcement
2022-08-11 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "IPFire Project Thu, 11 Aug 2022 05:41:58 GMT" (geoip-db-digest A642DB3FC558C9C609159064A32CD4FBCA254CCA, geoip6-db-digest C8CB9E5727CCE1479D595EBFEF5D9AAC1C9B9E94).
commit
2022-08-10 ipv4 ipv6 geoip and geoip6 databases updated to "IPFire Project Fri, 17 Jun 2022 06:11:30 GMT" (geoip-db-digest C8CC32FB272CDC7D2C310839D3BE02C49053918D, geoip6-db-digest 0CC43D240A9A4B2B218A8A6DA20EA03EE0BB6912).
commit
2022-08-05 China obfs4 Unknown Sudden drop in access to bridges from the "https" pool from China.
comment bridge graph
2022-07-14 Bridges Release of Tor Browser 11.5, with a new Connection Assist feature for automatic censorship circumvention configuration.
blog post graph of effect on Snowflake initial country-specific settings initial default settings
2022-06-27 snowflake Release of Snowflake WebExtension 0.6.0. The main feature added in this release was support for more than one bridge. It had a bug that caused it to stop reporting client IP addresses, which caused a fraction of Snowflake usage to be attributed to the unknown country ?? in metrics, rather than being properly geolocated.
archive merge request issue
2022-06-17 Release of tor 0.4.7.8, fixing a DoS vulnerability relating to the new congestion control in 0.4.7.7 (TROVE-2022-001, CVE-2022-33903.
announcement issue
2022-06-16 snowflake Began periodic restarts of Snowflake's probetest NAT measurement service, which increased the success rate of proxies self-measuring their NAT type.
issue comment
2022-06-06 to 2023-04-05 Network-wide DDoS attack.
status.torproject.org issue forum thread graph onion v3 traffic
2022-01-12 to 2022-08-08 webstats Unknown Tor Browser update pings drop temporarily. A similar effect is present in other years.
graph issue issue
2021-06-10 to present Experiment to test latencies between relays.
status.torproject.org post announcing start
2021-01-01 to present China snowflake Unknown Increased failure to bootstrap using Snowflake from China.
comment
2018-09-26 to present fte Outage of default FTE bridge 128.105.214.162:8080.
comment
2018-09-26 to present fte Outage of default FTE bridge 128.105.214.163:8080.
comment
2018-01-05 to present Outage of the op-hk OnionPerf instance.
op-hk graph
2017-12-04 to present DDoS attack creates load on the network.
tor-relays thread relay graph summary post ticket
2017-02-10 to present OR exit Measurement error from bandwidth authority causes decrease in measured bandwidth in Europe.
mailing list post

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This material is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CNS-0959138. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. "Tor" and the "Onion Logo" are registered trademarks of The Tor Project, Inc.. Data on this site is freely available under a CC0 no copyright declaration: To the extent possible under law, the Tor Project has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights in the data. Graphs are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License.